Run the Nextcloud container as root, with www-data still mapped onto the user

The second real run failed with:

    (13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
    no listening sockets available, shutting down

`keep-id:uid=33` does not only build the mapping, it also runs the container
process as the mapped uid -- so the entrypoint and apache2 were running as
www-data, and www-data has no capabilities. Port 80 inside the container's own
network namespace therefore belongs to root. The caddy unit is the control: it
binds 80 and 443 with keep-id:uid=0, and container-root in a userns does have
NET_BIND_SERVICE.

Tested on emily before writing this, because the last two fixes here were reasoned
from the wrong model:

    podman run --userns keep-id:uid=33,gid=33 IMG id            -> uid=33(www-data)
    podman run --userns keep-id:uid=33,gid=33 --user 0 IMG id   -> uid=0(root)

So User=0 restores the process root, and it does not touch the mapping: www-data
is still the connection user, so the webroot stays theirs, the entrypoint's
--chown lands on them, and occ keeps running as www-data through the entrypoint's
own su. That is the configuration the image is written for -- it expects root to
bind the port and to chown the webroot -- which is the real argument for this
option over the two that also tested clean: --sysctl
net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=80 and --cap-add NET_BIND_SERVICE. Both would
have fixed the symptom while leaving the entrypoint permanently unprivileged,
which is exactly what produced this failure and the redis-session.ini one before
it.

The readme's debugging section now lists all three failures this playbook has
produced and what each means, and the rescue message points there instead of
repeating a stale list.
This commit is contained in:
tanshu committed 2026-10-16 16:05:33 +05:30
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@@ -89,13 +89,10 @@
- name: Fail
ansible.builtin.fail:
msg: >-
Nextcloud is not serving — the reason is in the diagnostics above.
`no such file or directory` for nextcloud.env or a path under
/var/www/html means this host's webroot was removed without re-running
this play, and anything about `db`, `redis` or "downgrading is not
supported" points at the database, the cache or the image instead. If
the unit is in the `failed` state from an earlier attempt:
systemctl --user reset-failed {{ unit_name }}
Nextcloud is not serving — the reason is in the diagnostics above, and
readme.md, "Debugging a unit that will not start", names the failures
this playbook has produced before. If the unit is in the `failed` state
from an earlier attempt: systemctl --user reset-failed {{ unit_name }}
# Nextcloud wants `cron.php` every five minutes. This has to be *this user's*
# crontab, not root's: root cannot `podman exec` into another user's rootless
@@ -17,10 +17,18 @@ Image={{ image }}
# Maps the container's www-data (uid {{ app_uid }}) onto {{ podman_user }}, so the
# webroot stays owned by {{ podman_user }} and no subuid-owned files appear. The
# entrypoint rsyncs the code in with --chown www-data:www-data and Apache runs its
# workers as that account.
# entrypoint rsyncs the code in as www-data and Apache runs its workers as it.
UserNS=keep-id:uid={{ app_uid }},gid={{ app_gid }}
# keep-id also runs the container *process* as that same uid, i.e. as www-data —
# which takes away the root the image's entrypoint is written for, and it fails at
# the first thing that needs it: apache2 as www-data cannot bind port 80
# ("(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80").
# Forcing the process back to root restores it, and changes nothing about the
# mapping above: www-data is still {{ podman_user }}, so the webroot is still
# {{ podman_user }}'s and occ still runs as www-data via the entrypoint's su.
User=0
# The app's environment, read by systemd rather than by Ansible. Mode 0600,
# because POSTGRES_PASSWORD is in it and this unit file is world-readable.
EnvironmentFile={{ env_file }}