Run the Nextcloud container as root, with www-data still mapped onto the user
The second real run failed with:
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
`keep-id:uid=33` does not only build the mapping, it also runs the container
process as the mapped uid -- so the entrypoint and apache2 were running as
www-data, and www-data has no capabilities. Port 80 inside the container's own
network namespace therefore belongs to root. The caddy unit is the control: it
binds 80 and 443 with keep-id:uid=0, and container-root in a userns does have
NET_BIND_SERVICE.
Tested on emily before writing this, because the last two fixes here were reasoned
from the wrong model:
podman run --userns keep-id:uid=33,gid=33 IMG id -> uid=33(www-data)
podman run --userns keep-id:uid=33,gid=33 --user 0 IMG id -> uid=0(root)
So User=0 restores the process root, and it does not touch the mapping: www-data
is still the connection user, so the webroot stays theirs, the entrypoint's
--chown lands on them, and occ keeps running as www-data through the entrypoint's
own su. That is the configuration the image is written for -- it expects root to
bind the port and to chown the webroot -- which is the real argument for this
option over the two that also tested clean: --sysctl
net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=80 and --cap-add NET_BIND_SERVICE. Both would
have fixed the symptom while leaving the entrypoint permanently unprivileged,
which is exactly what produced this failure and the redis-session.ini one before
it.
The readme's debugging section now lists all three failures this playbook has
produced and what each means, and the rescue message points there instead of
repeating a stale list.
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@@ -136,10 +136,19 @@ that file wholesale — it also sets `host_directory`. Keep them in sync. Like
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Caddy, the play carries no `become`, so there is no guard against connecting as
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`root`; that check lives in `caddy/playbook.yml`.
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`UserNS=keep-id:uid=33,gid=33`. `33` is `www-data`, the uid the webroot is owned
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by: the entrypoint rsyncs the code in as that uid and Apache runs its workers as
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it. `keep-id` maps that one uid onto the connection user, so the webroot stays
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owned by `tanshu` and plain `tar` and `rm -rf` keep working on it.
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Two lines decide who the container is, and both are needed:
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- **`UserNS=keep-id:uid=33,gid=33`** — `33` is `www-data`, the uid the webroot is
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owned by: the entrypoint rsyncs the code in as that uid and Apache runs its
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workers as it. `keep-id` maps that one uid onto the connection user, so the
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webroot stays owned by `tanshu` and plain `tar` and `rm -rf` keep working on it.
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- **`User=0`** — `keep-id` also runs the container *process* as the mapped uid,
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i.e. as `www-data`, and the image's entrypoint is written to start as root. It
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fails at the first thing that needs it: apache2 as `www-data` cannot bind port
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80 (`(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address
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[::]:80`). Forcing the process back to root fixes that, and does not disturb the
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mapping above — `www-data` is still `tanshu`, so the webroot is still `tanshu`'s
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and `occ` still runs as `www-data` through the entrypoint's own `su`.
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`POSTGRES_PASSWORD` is committed in plaintext, like the other playbooks' shared
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`123456`. It lives in `nextcloud.env` at mode `0600` rather than in the
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@@ -253,8 +262,16 @@ journalctl --user -u nextcloud.service --no-pager -n 60
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podman ps -a --filter name=nextcloud
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```
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`journalctl` is the one that matters: the entrypoint's own output is there. A
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`failed` unit needs its start-limit counter cleared before it will try again:
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`journalctl` is the one that matters: the entrypoint's own output is there. The
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three failures this playbook has actually produced, and what each one means:
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| In the journal | Cause |
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|---|---|
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| `parsing file .../nextcloud.env: no such file or directory`, `status=125` | the webroot was removed without re-running the play |
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| `make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80` with `Permission denied` | the container process is not root, so it may not use a privileged port — the unit's `User=0` is missing |
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| `cannot create /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/...: Permission denied` | `REDIS_HOST` is set; the entrypoint cannot write that path in the image (see [Redis](#redis)) |
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A `failed` unit needs its start-limit counter cleared before it will try again:
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```bash
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systemctl --user reset-failed nextcloud.service
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